The Physics of Carbon Capture: What ESG Tools Must Track

Liam Hando on August 27, 2025

Carbon capture science has evolved from a scientific experiment into a key part of global climate strategy. It’s now a business, an investment, and a major tool for hitting net-zero targets. But this raises a crucial question: How do we accurately measure what’s being captured, stored, and reduced? The answer lies in understanding the physics of carbon.

By understanding the molecules, processes, and systems behind carbon capture, we can see why precise measurement is so important. This is where ESG software becomes essential. To show real impact, companies need to track their emissions reductions using reliable, science-based metrics.

In this article, let’s look at the physics of carbon capture and highlight the key metrics that any ESG platform must monitor.

What Is Carbon Capture Science?

Carbon capture science involves developing and applying methods to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from large point sources, like power plants, or directly from the atmosphere, and then storing or using it to slow climate change. The process relies on three physics-driven steps:

Separation – Extracting CO₂ from a mixture of gases, like those emitted in industrial plants.
Compression – Pressurizing CO₂ into a dense, transportable form.
Storage or Utilization – Injecting CO₂ underground for carbon sequestration or reusing it in products like fuels and building materials.

Each step involves thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, and material science. For example, separating CO₂ requires energy to break chemical bonds, while storing it in rock formations depends on pressure, porosity, and long-term stability.

Why Physics Matters in ESG Reporting

Investors, regulators, and the public want proof that climate solutions work. But climate reporting often struggles with accuracy. As a result, without grounding in scientific emissions data, ESG reports risk being vague or misleading.

Physics provides the foundation for credible tracking. So, by understanding how gases behave under heat, pressure, and time, ESG platforms can define carbon removal metrics that reflect real-world outcomes, not just estimates.

For example:

Capturing one ton of CO₂ is not the same as keeping it stored for 100 years.
Efficiency losses during capture and compression reduce true savings.
Leakage in pipelines or storage sites undermines long-term benefits.

This means carbon accounting tools must be built on science, not just spreadsheets.

Also See: Blockchain Carbon Accounting and Transparent Emission Tracking

The Core Metrics ESG Tools Must Track

1. Capture Efficiency

How much CO₂ is removed compared to the total emitted? This metric reflects the effectiveness of capture systems at power plants, cement factories, and chemical facilities.

2. Energy Penalty

Carbon capture requires energy. The carbon intensity tools inside ESG platforms must account for the emissions created by running capture systems themselves.

3. Storage Integrity

Captured CO₂ must stay underground. Accordingly, carbon sequestration tracking ensures reservoirs are stable and that pressure or seismic activity does not cause leaks.

4. Lifecycle Impact

From capture to transport to storage, the full pathway must be measured. ESG tools need to reflect the end-to-end footprint, not just the capture stage.

5. Permanence of Removal

Time is key. If CO₂ is captured but re-released in a few years, the benefit collapses. ESG reporting must track permanence across decades.

Natural Carbon Capture: The Physics of Life

While technology offers a way to accelerate carbon removal, nature has been doing it for billions of years. Natural sequestration methods, or carbon sinks, also operate on fundamental physical and biological principles.

Photosynthesis

The most well-known method, photosynthesis, is a physical process where plants use sunlight to convert CO2 and water into glucose (energy) and oxygen. The carbon is stored in the biomass of the plant. Over time, this carbon can be stored in soils.

Ocean Sequestration

The ocean is a massive carbon sink. CO2 dissolves in seawater through a physical process, forming carbonic acid. It is then consumed by marine organisms, which use it to build their shells and skeletons. This carbon can eventually sink to the ocean floor, where it is stored in sediment.

Soil Sequestration

This is a critical component of natural carbon capture. Organic matter in soil, such as decaying plant roots and animal waste, contains carbon. Through the action of microbes, this carbon can be converted into stable forms, known as soil organic carbon (SOC). The physics of this process, including temperature and moisture levels, determines how long the carbon remains in the soil before being released back into the atmosphere.

For ESG tools to track these processes, they need to go beyond simple tree-planting metrics. The carbon removal metrics must be based on verified science, including:

Permanence: How long is the carbon actually stored? A tree can burn down, releasing its stored carbon in minutes. Carbon stored in a deep saline aquifer is expected to remain for thousands of years.
Additionality: Does the action truly remove carbon that wouldn’t have been removed otherwise? Planting a tree in a forest that was already going to be reforested doesn’t represent a true climate benefit.
Leakage: Does the carbon removal activity in one area cause an increase in emissions elsewhere? For example, if protecting one forest leads to a company simply moving its logging operation to another forest, the net climate benefit is negated.

Credible climate software tech must incorporate these complex metrics to prevent greenwashing and provide stakeholders with meaningful, scientific emissions data.

The Role of Carbon Sequestration in Net Zero Goals

Storage is the final and most critical stage of carbon capture. The physics here revolves around geological reservoirs like porous rocks, saline aquifers, and depleted oil fields.

Porosity defines how much CO₂ the rock can hold.
Permeability controls how quickly gases flow and spread.
Caprock sealing determines whether gases stay trapped or escape.

Without understanding these scientific properties, carbon accounting could overstate actual impact. ESG investors need transparency on which storage projects are built on strong geological science.

Carbon Removal Metrics and Investor Confidence

Why does this matter for markets? Because ESG investors want proof. Carbon credits, offsets, and capture projects all carry financial value. But if measurement is flawed, billions can be misallocated.

By tying ESG data to scientific emissions data, companies can show:

Verified capture and storage volumes.
Long-term sequestration commitments.
Reduced risk of greenwashing.

Also See: How Machine Learning Enhances Scope 3 Emissions Forecasting

Challenges of Tracking Carbon Physics in ESG Tools

Complexity of Data

Carbon capture systems produce terabytes of real-time data—from heat sensors to pressure logs. ESG tools must simplify this into usable insights.

Cost of Integration

High-fidelity sensors and monitoring systems are expensive. Smaller companies may lack resources to implement advanced climate software tech.

Regulatory Standards

Different regions track carbon differently. Without global standards, carbon intensity tools risk being inconsistent.

Time Horizon

Carbon capture effectiveness is measured in decades, not quarters. ESG platforms must support long-term GHG tracking that investors can trust.

The Future of Carbon Capture Science in ESG Tools

AI + Physics Models

Machine learning will predict leakage risks, optimize capture energy use, and improve reporting accuracy.

Blockchain for Proof

Linking scientific emissions data to blockchain will improve transparency and prevent tampering in carbon accounting.

Industry Benchmarks

Expect standard definitions of capture efficiency, permanence, and lifecycle impact, allowing fair comparison across projects.

Integrated Climate Dashboards

Tomorrow’s ESG tools will combine financial, operational, and carbon physics insights into one seamless view.

Conclusion

The physics of carbon capture is the foundation of trustworthy climate action. From separation and compression to storage and permanence, every step depends on scientific principles.

For ESG platforms to deliver credibility, they must integrate carbon removal metrics, GHG tracking, and scientific emissions data directly into their systems.

The future of sustainable investing will depend on how well climate software tech translates physics into transparent, reliable carbon accounting. Companies that align science with reporting will gain trust, unlock capital, and truly drive progress toward net zero.

FAQ: Carbon Capture Science

What is the difference between carbon capture and carbon sequestration?

Capture is the process of removing CO₂, while sequestration is about storing it long-term.

Why is carbon capture physics important for ESG?

Because reporting without physics risks overestimating impact. Real science ensures real climate progress.

Can ESG software track storage permanence?

Yes, with the right data. Sensors and simulations can provide models of long-term CO₂ behavior underground.

What industries use carbon capture most today?

Power generation, cement production, steelmaking, and chemical manufacturing.

Will carbon capture alone solve climate change?

No. It’s one tool among many. Renewables, efficiency, and behavior change also play critical roles.

Product Managers: Master Carbon Accounting with These Proven Engagement Strategies

carbonsoftware on March 24, 2025

Let’s face it – trying to launch products in 2025 without thinking about sustainability is like releasing a smartphone without internet connectivity. Just doesn’t make sense anymore, right? As a product manager, you’ve got a unique opportunity to make sustainability more than just a buzzword. Let’s talk about how.

Why Carbon Accounting Matters for Product Managers

Think of carbon accounting like a fitness tracker for your product’s environmental impact. It helps you measure and reduce your carbon footprint – and trust me, this matters more than ever. Here’s why you should care:

Regulations are getting stricter by the day
Customers actually care about this stuff now
Investors are looking for companies that get it right
Your competitors are probably already doing it

Making It Work in Your Role

As a PM, you’re perfectly positioned to make sustainability happen. You already bridge the gap between teams – now you’re just adding carbon accounting to the mix. Here’s how to nail it:

Set Real Goals That Matter

Don’t just throw random numbers around. Pick targets that make sense for your product and company. Maybe it’s cutting production emissions by 20% in two years, or switching to recycled materials for packaging. Whatever it is, make it specific and measurable.

Build It Into Your Roadmap

Sustainability isn’t a nice-to-have feature anymore – it needs to be baked into your product from day one. Treat it like any other core requirement. When you’re planning sprints or releases, make carbon impact part of the conversation.

Use the Right Tools

Good news – you don’t have to track everything in spreadsheets anymore. Tools like Watershed and Sphera can help you measure carbon impact in real time. Use them to make data-driven decisions about your product.

Real Success Stories

Tesla: Making Green Profitable

Tesla didn’t just build electric cars – they turned carbon credits into a goldmine. They’ve made billions selling credits to other automakers, proving that sustainability can be a serious revenue stream.

Patagonia: Walking the Talk

Patagonia builds carbon accounting into everything they make. They use recycled materials, track their supply chain impact, and they’re totally transparent about it. Customers love them for it, and their business is booming.

Dealing with Common Headaches

Let’s be real – you’re going to hit some bumps:

Getting accurate data can be tricky
Old systems might fight new tracking tools
Some stakeholders will drag their feet
Teams might see it as extra work

The key? Start small, show wins early, and connect sustainability to business value. People get on board when they see results.

What’s Coming Next

The tools are getting better fast:

AI is making tracking easier
IoT sensors are improving data collection
Blockchain is making carbon credits more transparent

Making It Happen

Ready to get started? Here’s your game plan:

Figure out where your product’s biggest carbon impacts are
Pick one or two areas where you can make measurable improvements
Get the right tools in place to track progress
Make sustainability part of your regular product metrics

Quick Q&A

How do I get my team on board? Show them how sustainability connects to what they already care about – efficiency, cost savings, and innovation.

Which metrics should I track first? Start with the basics – energy use in production, materials impact, and shipping emissions. Build from there.

How do I handle stakeholder pushback? Focus on business benefits first – cost savings, regulatory compliance, and market advantage. The environmental wins will follow.

Remember, you don’t have to tackle everything at once. Start where you can make the biggest impact, measure your results, and keep improving. That’s what product management is all about, right?

Ready to make sustainability part of your product strategy? Your future customers (and the planet) will thank you.

How Companies Can Do Good While Doing Well with Carbon Management

carbonsoftware on March 5, 2025

Finding the Balance

Let’s talk about something that might seem a bit counterintuitive at first: how companies can create positive change for our planet while also maintaining healthy business performance. I know – the phrase “profiting from carbon emissions” might make some of us uncomfortable. But here’s the thing: when companies find ways to make sustainability financially viable, they’re more likely to stick with it for the long haul, creating lasting positive impact.

The Reality We’re Facing

We’re all living through a critical moment in history. Climate change isn’t just a distant threat anymore – it’s affecting communities worldwide, from farmers dealing with unpredictable weather to coastal cities facing rising seas. This reality is pushing businesses to rethink how they operate, and many are discovering that being part of the solution can also make good business sense.

How Companies Are Making a Difference (While Staying Competitive)

Tesla’s Journey: More Than Just Electric Cars

Tesla’s story is fascinating because they’ve found a way to accelerate the world’s transition to sustainable energy while building a successful business. Yes, they made $1.58 billion from selling carbon credits in 2021, but the real win here is that this system incentivizes other automakers to speed up their transition to electric vehicles. It’s a perfect example of how market mechanisms can drive positive change.

Occidental’s Bold Move: Turning Air into Opportunity

Occidental Petroleum is doing something that sounds like science fiction: they’re literally pulling carbon dioxide out of the air. While they use some of this for oil recovery (which, yes, is complicated from an environmental perspective), they’re also pioneering technology that could help us actively reduce atmospheric CO2 levels. It’s not perfect, but it’s an important step forward.

Amazon’s Green Journey: Small Steps, Big Impact

Amazon has made headlines with their climate pledges, but what’s interesting is how they’re making it work financially. By investing in renewable energy and reforestation projects, they’re not just offsetting their emissions – they’re also building more resilient operations and often saving money in the process.

Making It Work in the Real World

Carbon Trading: A Bridge to a Cleaner Future

Think of carbon trading like a reward system for doing the right thing. Companies that reduce their emissions more than required can help others who are still working on it, creating a financial incentive for everyone to improve. It’s not the ultimate solution, but it’s helping us move in the right direction.

Capturing Carbon: Turning a Problem into a Resource

Carbon capture technology is evolving quickly, and while it’s not a silver bullet, it’s becoming an important tool in our climate action toolkit. Companies are finding ways to use captured carbon in everything from building materials to carbonated beverages. It’s about turning what was once just waste into something useful.

The Human Side of Carbon Management

Supporting Communities

When companies invest in carbon reduction projects, they often create unexpected benefits for local communities. For example, reforestation projects can provide jobs and improve local ecosystems, while renewable energy investments can bring clean power to areas that previously relied on expensive diesel generators.

Employee Engagement

I’ve seen how sustainability initiatives can transform company culture. When employees see their company taking meaningful action on climate change, it builds pride and purpose. This isn’t just feel-good stuff – it helps with recruitment, retention, and innovation.

Challenges We Need to Talk About

Let’s be honest – this isn’t easy. Companies face real challenges:

The technology can be expensive
Carbon markets can be complex and volatile
Measuring impact accurately is tough

But here’s the encouraging part: these challenges are driving innovation and collaboration. Companies are sharing knowledge, forming partnerships, and finding creative solutions.

Looking Forward with Hope

The future of business is changing, and that’s a good thing. We’re seeing:

New technologies making carbon capture more affordable
Better ways to measure and track emissions
Growing consumer support for sustainable businesses
Increasing collaboration between companies on climate solutions

What This Means for Your Company

If you’re wondering how your company can get involved, start with these questions:

What are we already doing that could be part of a carbon strategy?
Where are our biggest opportunities for reducing emissions?
How could sustainability initiatives benefit our stakeholders?

Remember, you don’t have to figure this out alone. There’s a growing community of businesses, experts, and organizations ready to help.

Moving Forward Together

The path to a sustainable future isn’t about choosing between profit and planet – it’s about finding ways to serve both. When companies succeed in making sustainability profitable, they create lasting positive change that can scale and spread.

Every company’s journey will look different, but the destination is the same: a future where business success and environmental stewardship go hand in hand. It’s not just possible – it’s already happening.

A Final Thought

As you think about your company’s role in addressing climate change, remember that every step forward matters. Whether you’re just starting to explore carbon management or looking to expand existing initiatives, you’re part of a larger movement toward a more sustainable future.

The best time to start is now. The challenges are real, but so are the opportunities – both for your business and for our planet.

Ready to explore how your company can make a difference while building a stronger business? The journey starts with a single step. What will yours be?

A Practical Guide to PCAF Carbon Accounting

carbonsoftware on February 3, 2025

Making Sense of Financed Emissions

Let’s talk about something that’s becoming increasingly important in the financial world: measuring the carbon impact of our investments and loans. If you work in finance, you’ve probably heard of PCAF (Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials), but maybe you’re wondering what it really means for your organization and how to put it into practice.

What’s PCAF All About?

Think of PCAF as a universal language for measuring carbon emissions in finance. It started with a group of Dutch banks who realized they needed a consistent way to measure their climate impact. What began as a local initiative has now gone global, with financial institutions worldwide adopting this approach.

The beauty of PCAF lies in its practicality. Whether you’re dealing with corporate loans, mortgages, or project financing, PCAF provides clear guidelines on how to measure your carbon footprint. It’s like having a recipe book for carbon accounting – you know exactly what ingredients you need and how to put them together.

Why Should You Care?

Let’s be honest: implementing new systems isn’t anyone’s idea of fun. But here’s why PCAF matters:

First, regulators are getting serious about climate reporting. Having a solid carbon accounting system isn’t just nice to have anymore – it’s becoming a necessity. Plus, investors are asking tougher questions about climate impact. Being able to give clear, standardized answers can set you apart from the competition.

But beyond compliance and competition, there’s a bigger picture. The financial sector has enormous influence over where money flows in the economy. By understanding and measuring carbon impact, we can make better decisions about where to invest and lend, ultimately helping to address climate change.

Getting Started: A Real World Approach

1. Do Your Homework

Before diving in, spend some time getting familiar with PCAF’s guidelines. Their website has excellent resources, and while some parts might seem technical at first, they’re quite practical once you start working with them.

2. Gather Your Data

This is often the trickiest part. You’ll need to collect information about the emissions connected to your investments and loans. Some tips from experience:

Start with what you have. Perfect data doesn’t exist, and PCAF recognizes this.
Work with your clients. Many are already tracking their emissions and are happy to share.
Use industry averages when you need to fill gaps. PCAF provides guidance on this.

3. Crunch the Numbers

The basic principle is pretty straightforward: if you finance 30% of a company, you’re responsible for 30% of its emissions. Of course, real life is more complex, but that’s the general idea.

Modern tools like Persefoni or Watershed can help automate these calculations. They’re not perfect, but they can save you from spreadsheet hell.

Common Headaches (and How to Deal with Them)

The Data Challenge

You’ll almost certainly run into data gaps. Some companies you work with might not track their emissions, or their data might be incomplete. Don’t let perfect be the enemy of good. Start with what you have and improve over time.

System Integration

Your existing systems probably weren’t designed with carbon accounting in mind. Look for ways to integrate PCAF gradually. Many organizations start with a pilot project in one department before rolling it out more widely.

Making It Work Long Term

Success with PCAF isn’t just about the technical implementation. Here’s what really matters:

Get your team on board. Make sure everyone understands why this matters and how it works.
Start simple and improve over time. You don’t need to solve everything at once.
Keep talking to your clients and other stakeholders. Their input and feedback are invaluable.

Looking Ahead

Carbon accounting in finance is still evolving. New technologies like AI and blockchain are making it easier to track and verify emissions data. But the basic principles of PCAF – transparency, consistency, and accountability – will remain important.

Wrapping Up

Starting your PCAF journey might seem daunting, but remember: every financial institution that’s successfully implemented it started from scratch too. Take it step by step, learn from others’ experiences, and keep improving over time.

Got questions? The PCAF community is surprisingly collaborative. Don’t hesitate to reach out to other institutions or PCAF itself for guidance. We’re all figuring this out together.

Quick Q&A

Q: Is PCAF really necessary for smaller institutions?
A: While larger institutions might face more immediate pressure, having a systematic approach to carbon accounting is becoming important for everyone in finance. Starting early gives you time to get it right.

Q: What’s the first practical step we should take?
A: Start by mapping out what data you already have. Understanding your starting point makes it much easier to plan your implementation.

Q: How long does implementation usually take?
A: It varies widely, but most institutions take 6-12 months for their initial implementation. Remember, it’s okay to start small and expand over time.

Remember, implementing PCAF isn’t just about checking a box for compliance. It’s about being part of the solution to one of our biggest global challenges. Take that first step, future you will be glad you did.

What Is Carbon Credit Accounting?

carbonsoftware on February 4, 2024

Carbon credit accounting has become an important tool in the global fight against climate change. As concerns about environmental sustainability and the impact of human activities on the planet evolve, businesses and individuals are increasingly turning to carbon credits. Both individuals and businesses use these credits to measure and reduce their carbon footprint. It’s a small but impactful step towards a more sustainable future.

Carbon credit accounting is a systematic and evident process. It involves measuring, reporting, and verifying the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction or removal activities. That is conducted by individuals, businesses, or projects. Carbon credit accounting aims to quantify the environmental impact of these activities in terms of carbon credits. It provides a standardized framework for the trade and management of these credits within the global carbon market. With that said, this article aims to explore the details of carbon credit accounting. We will explore what carbon credits are, how they work, their global accounting practices, and why businesses should consider investing in this eco-friendly initiative. Read on to know more!

What is Emissions Management Software?

carbonsoftware on December 30, 2023

In the swiftly changing realm of environmental consciousness and sustainable corporate strategies, organizations are appreciating the significance of controlling and reducing their carbon footprint.

As a result of climate change laws, industries are now desperately trying to reduce their carbon footprint. In this battle, an effective tool known as emissions management software is becoming increasingly important, assisting businesses in tracking, calculating, and analyzing anything from carbon to air pollutants and greenhouse gasses.

This change is being fuelled by rising awareness of the economic and environmental effects of emissions and compliance. We go into the world of emissions management software in this in-depth guide, covering its features, uses, market trends, and top tools.

Where Do Most of a Software Focused Companies Carbon Emissions Typically Come From?

carbonsoftware on November 29, 2023

Ongoing carbon gas environment emission is expanding with time because of climate crises. In that case, businesses of all kinds and sizes across many sectors play a vital role in driving sustainability. They focus on escalating the climate crises. A basic and critical part of this entire scenario involves the reduction and understanding of greenhouse gas emissions. Nearly 70% of business and software focused companies experience carbon emissions. But where do most of a software-focused company’s carbon emissions come from? So, finding the reason for most of a software-focused company’s carbon emissions is important.

In that regard, we are here to shed light on the world in which many software focused companies experience carbon emissions. Let’s discuss the type of carbon emission and then break it down into actionable and manageable insights to find out their root cause. Without a further ado, take a deep dive into the primary carbon emission categories, which combine and could be a sign of the company’s carbon footprint.

The Adoption of Carbon Accounting Software in the Aviation Industry and its impact on the Cost of Air Travel

carbonsoftware on November 20, 2023

The aviation industry is a crucial mode of global travel and is known for its safety. The odds of a person experiencing a fatal car accident are about 1 in 101, while for a person to be in a deadly plane crash, they’d have to fly every day for 10,000 years. Recently, the aviation industry has come under criticism for its significant contribution to generating carbon emissions.

Organizations worldwide are taking steps to combat climate change. One approach to achieving this involves making air travel more environmental friendly. To contribute to this environmental challenge, the aviation industry has begun implementing specialized software tools that measure and regulate the carbon emissions produced by aircraft.

Exploring Internal Carbon Accounting Standards

carbonsoftware on November 10, 2023

Commonly known as greenhouse gas accounting, carbon accounting is a process of quantifying the production of greenhouse gases. It includes direct as well as indirect measurement through business activities. This technique is commonly used by management teams and analysts to determine the carbon emissions of an organization.

Many people think that carbon accounting and GHG accounting are similar, but there is a slight difference. To be precise, carbon accounting is focused on carbon dioxide emissions, but GHG accounting focuses on all greenhouse gases.

Who Is Conducting Carbon Emissions Audits?

carbonsoftware on October 31, 2023

Climate change is one of the most significant challenges facing the world. So, it is vital to understand that reducing carbon emissions has to be a top priority. One essential tool in this struggle is the carbon emissions audit. These reports help businesses determine how much harmful gases, like carbon dioxide (CO2), they produce. These audits help companies see where these gases are coming from, like factories or cars, to figure out ways to make less of them.

Moreover, carbon emissions audits identify areas where a business can become more eco-friendly. It is critical to know because too much pollution is causing global warming, leading to problems like extreme weather, melting ice, and rising sea levels. But who’s in charge of doing these audits? That is what we’ll explore in this article. We will examine the different groups and people who ensure these audits happen.